5.4 SHOWER WATER DERMAL CONTACT


    Exposure pathways related to showering require definition of the holdup time for distribution of water from the well or pumping station to the consumer, as for the drinking water scenario. These pathways also require definition of the length of a shower and the frequency of showering. Shower dermal water contact also requires an estimate of the surface area of the body contacted with the water, and the thickness of the skin while in contact with water. Default values for these parameters are given in Table 5.4.

TABLE 5.3 Drinking Water Ingestion Parameter Default Values
Parameter
Definition
  
Units
  
Individual
  
Population
Udw   water ingestion rate  
L/d
  
2.0
  
2.0
Fdw   time fraction   
-(a)
  
1.0
  
1.0
THdw   water system holdup time  
d
  
0.5
  
0.5
(a) Dash indicates not applicable.


TABLE 5.4 Shower Water Dermal Contact Parameter Default Values
Parameter
  
Definition
  
Units
  
Individual
  
Population
Thdw   water system holdup time   d  
0.5
  
0.5
TEs   shower event time   h/shower  
0.167
  
0.167
FEsh   shower frequency   shower/d  
1.0
  
1.0
Asd   skin area contacted   cm2  
20,000
  
20,000
Fsd   time fraction    -(a)  
1.0
  
1.0
lsc   skin thickness   cm  
0.001
  
0.001
(a) Dash indicates not applicable.